The highly anticipated Geneva Motor Show is right around the corner, and in an effort to build even more anticipation for the event, auto makers are releasing teasers of what we can expect. smart is no exception, as they’ve just launched new photos of the electric smart forspeed concept ahead of its Geneva Motor Show debut.
The smart forspeed, a zero-emission roadster, will complete smart’s electric vehicle line-up, which currently includes a bicycle and scooter. According to smart, the forspeed roadster will reach speeds up to 75 mph with a rear-mounted 40 bhp electric motor and a 7bhp overboost function. The electricity for the engine is stored in a lithium-ion battery with a capacity of 16.5 kWh, and the range should be 84 miles. As for charging, the smart forspeed concept will plug into a normal 220 volt socket, with a quick charge in about 45 minutes.
In terms of its outer design, the smart forspeed features a high-gloss finish, wind deflectors with integrated solar cells to power the on-board electrics, and a honeycomb grill. Steffen Kohl, Head of Design for Mercedes-Benz, was quoted saying the smart forspeed has a “unique and electric look, but is still recognisable as a smart”.
The interior of the car offers a minimalist design similar to what you would see on a boat, with a notable addition being a smart phone housing that can be tilted 90 degrees to face the driver. Adding a touch of luxury to the smart’s interior are leather door pulls, a leather-trimmed steering wheel and gear knob. The boost switch to unleash the… wait for it… 7bhp… is located in the center console.
Dr. Annette Winkler, head of smart, says the forspeed is not planned as a limited series. “We have to be profitable with smart so it won’t make production,” she said. But she added, “Elements of the car will be carried over into future projects.”
A big thanks to our good friend Markus for the photos.
UPDATE: More photos and details can be found by clicking here.
Leg 1: The first leg of the F-CELL World Drive started on 30th January 2011 at 8:00 a.m. in Stuttgart, Germany. The vehicles first drove to Reims, via Loudres, where the first refuelling stop took place. The three B-Class F-CELL vehicles finally arrived at their destination Paris at noontime on 31st January. During the first leg, the three fuel cell vehicles covered a distance of 660 kilometres, while driving locally emission free.
Leg 2: The second leg began in the early morning of 2nd February 2011 in Paris and led through Sermoise sur Loire, where the vehicles were refuelled for the first time, straight to Lyon. The three B-Class F-CELL vehicles covered a distance of 500 kilometers – locally emission-free. One day before, on 1st February, the first press-event of the F-CELL World Drive offered local journalists the opportunity to see for themselves that the B-Class F-CELL is technically mature.
Leg 3: On 4th February 2011, the third leg of the F-CELL World Drive led the vehicles to Perpignan in France. The day after, the vehicles embarked on a 200 kilometers journey towards the Spanish coastal town of Barcelona. The vehicles covered an overall distance of about 690 kilometers. On 3rd February, the second event for local media took place in Lyon.
Leg 4: The third press-event of more than 20 similar activities during the F-CELL World Drive, took place on 7th February in Barcelona. On 8th February 2011, the three B-Class F-CELL vehicles travelled further to Valencia. One day later, the Tour continued their journey towards the Spanish capital Madrid. 700 kilometers were added to the mileage during the fourth leg.
Leg 5: After the forth press event of the F-CELL World Drive in Madrid, the vehicles travelled for two days from 11th until 12th February – due to an overnight stop in Badajoz – to reach the Portuguese capital Lisbon. On the last leg in Europe, the vehicles have covered a distance of more than 660 kilometers. Every single B-Class F-CELL has travelled a total of 3,250 kilometers during the first part of the F-CELL World Drive, not including the distances, the cars covered in the course of local activities. All in all, each of the vehicles will achieve a mileage of about 4,000 kilometers. After another press day on February 14th in Cascais, close to Lisbon, the vehicles will leave Europe via airplane, in order to carry on their journey in the USA on February 25, 2011.
Yet another premiere is being celebrated by the Mercedes-Benz Vito E-CELL. Hitting the streets outside of Germany is the first van with an electromotive drive system to be produced by a car manufacturer ex factory. As of today the first five vehicles are out and about on Spanish streets. The vehicles were handed over to the customer during a special ceremony at the Mercedes-Benz production location for the
Vito E-CELL in Vitoria. In the presence of Basque Prime Minister López, the Head of Production for Mercedes-Benz Vans, Dr Heinrich Weiss and Jose Luis Lopez-Schummer Trevino, President of Mercedes-Benz Spain, presented the five Mercedes-Benz Vito E-CELL vehicles to Augustine Markaide, President of the supermarket chain Eroski. “The Vito E-CELL, which is now fully integrated in our series production, represents a completely new phenomenon. As far as process management is concerned, all the hurdles were overcome in record time!”, commented Dr Heinrich Weiss as the official hand-over of the keys took place.
Emission-free vans are becoming increasingly widespread in everyday road traffic
Having been put to use so successfully in the conurbations of Berlin and Stuttgart, the Vito E-CELL is now set to prove its suitability for everyday applications in Spain. Thanks to the Vito E-CELL, electromotively driven – and thus locally zero-emission, not to mention virtually silent – vans are now a reality in the Basque Country’s streetscape. So the Basque Country is not just the production location for these electromotive vehicles – it is also their area of operation. Further customers in major European cities will be taking delivery of their Vito E-CELL vehicles over the coming months.
Vito E-CELL: full-function van for everyday operations
The Vito E-CELL is not an experimental vehicle – it is a full-function van for day-to-day applications. It is the first van of its kind to roll off the series-production line, just like any other Vito. In close consultation with its customers, Mercedes-Benz has implemented the prerequisites for an electromotively driven van: with a payload of around 900 kilograms plus a load compartment with no restrictions on use whatsoever the Vito E-CELL assumes all the usual transportation duties of any vehicle in its class.
Up-to-the-minute powertrain engineering, powerful lithium-ion batteries
The Vito E-CELL’s batteries are stored in a space-saving manner beneath the load-compartment floor. They are state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries which are particularly powerful and have a high current capacity. They have an overall capacity of 36 kWh, sufficient for a range of some 130 kilometres. This means that the Vito E-CELL meets the average customer requirements for vans – around 50 to 80 kilometres per day – and still has a generous reserve.
The Vito E-CELL’s electric motor has an output of 60 kW and a torque of 280 Nm. As the full torque is available right from the start in the case of electric motors, the Vito E-CELL boasts a dynamic performance at the same high level as the latest diesel engines. Taking into consideration the Vito E-CELL’s usual area of operation and to facilitate the highest battery range possible, the van’s top speed is limited to 80 km/h.
Following on from the small series of 100 Mercedes-Benz Vito E-CELL vehicles which are now out and about in Berlin und Stuttgart, this ceremonial hand-over officially marks the start of the next series – encompassing over 2000 units.
This coming Saturday, January 29, marks 125 years of automotive history, it was in 1886 that Carl Benz received the patent for the first motor car, heralding the birth of the automobile. From January 30, 2011, in addition to experiencing 125 years of automotive history, visitors to the Mercedes-Benz Museum can discover the answers to questions about the drive technologies of the future in the newly designed exhibition room Legend 6: ‘New start – The Road to Emission-free Mobility’.
“The motor car’s landmark anniversary is on everyone’s lips”, says Michael Bock, Head of Mercedes-Benz Classic. “Not only are we kicking off the anniversary year by looking at the history of the automobile, but our new room ‘New start – The Road to Emission-free Mobility’ mainly looks ahead to the future. Day after day, our visitors ask us where we go from here. We have taken up the challenge and will be presenting different drive-system variants in the Mercedes-Benz Museum – from the optimised internal combustion engine through electric and hybrid drive systems to the fuel cell.”
On the chronological tour through the decades, Legend 6 will highlight the challenges we face now and in the future. Many visitors to the Museum want to know how driving pleasure and responsibility can be reconciled in a vehicle. Five automotive exhibits in the newly designed theme room showcase the drive-system variants of the future. One of the exhibits will be replaced regularly to reflect the latest developments at Mercedes-Benz.
The room is encircled by a timeline featuring over 60 monitors. This genealogy enables museum visitors to track drive-system developments throughout the 125‑year history of automotive engineering. As in each of the Legend rooms, a workbench invites visitors to interact and delve more deeply into the topic – be it in the form of a microcinema, a touch display or a hands-on exhibit.
Vehicle exhibits: ‘New start – The Road to Emission-free Mobility’
The Mercedes-Benz Auto 2000 was first unveiled at the International Motor Show in Frankfurt in 1981. The vehicle was a response to a call from the German government for a car with the lowest possible fuel consumption – a glimpse of the future. The research vehicle offered three different drive concepts based on a single platform: the V8 petrol version, the V6 turbodiesel model shown here and the variant with gas-turbine drive each undercut the specified maximum fuel consumption limit of eleven litres per 100 kilometres – at the time an extremely low figure for a vehicle of this size.
In 1994, Mercedes-Benz presented the world’s first fuel-cell vehicle in the shape of the NECAR 1 (New Electric Car). The fuel cell converted hydrogen and oxygen into water, producing electrical energy which, in turn, powered an electric motor. The large hydrogen tanks and other energy-generation components weighed around 800 kilograms and filled the van’s entire cargo area. Although this invention was still a long way off anything approaching everyday practicality, it offered many advantages. Emission-free driving and a natural resource available in abundance were the main factors which convinced the Mercedes-Benz engineers. Subsequent vehicle generations succeeded in further miniaturising the fuel-cell technology.
In 2010, the B-Class F-CELL became the first series-production electric car with fuel cell to hit the market. At its heart is the new-generation fuel-cell drive system, which is compact, powerful and reliable as well as offering full everyday practicality. The fuel cell generates the traction current on board the vehicle, producing only pure water with no pollutant emissions. The result is a locally emission-free car with a range of 400 km, which can be fully refuelled within a matter of minutes. The B-Class F-CELL is therefore suitable for both urban and extra-urban driving.
Likewise launched in 2010, the Vito E-CELL was the first van with battery-electric drive to be produced in series. With a range of around 130 km and a top speed of 80 km/h, it is designed specifically for short-radius distribution in inner-city areas. Its emission-free drive system makes it ideal for areas with traffic bans in force because it generates no exhaust emissions and operates virtually silently. Thanks to the space-saving installation of the battery technology beneath the cargo area, there is nothing to restrict loading of the van.
Not yet on the road but already in the Museum: in January 2011, Mercedes-Benz is introducing the third-generation SLK-Class – a model series which sets new safety standards for open-top sports cars. BlueEFFICIENCY measures such as direct injection and the ECO start/stop function make the car up to 30% more efficient. Mercedes-Benz has introduced BlueTEC to make diesel cleaner and implemented BlueEFFICIENCY measures to cut the average fuel consumption of all models. The BlueDIRECT engine generation is proof that it is possible to boost output yet still remain highly efficient. These and future optimisation measures show that there is still much scope for further development of the internal combustion engine.
Thanks to the B-Class F-CELL, the employees of the German Federal Ministry of Transport will soon be able to enjoy local zero-emission motoring on business trips. This is because Dr. Thomas Weber, Member of the Board of Management of Daimler AG and responsible for Group Research and Mercedes-Benz Cars Development, presented a fuel cell car to German Federal Minister for Transport Peter Ramsauer in Berlin today. Another B-Class F-CELL was also accepted by NOW GmbH – the National Organisation Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology.
“Electric cars featuring fuel cell drives have the potential to revolutionize our mobility again. The fuel cell drive in the B-Class F-CELL is efficient, clean and highly suitable for everyday use. It enables local zero-emission motoring with a range of around 400 kilometres, and this is with a refuelling time of just three minutes. In addition, the vehicle really comes into its own in terms of driving pleasure”, explained Dr. Thomas Weber.
“Germany is a world leader in the development of hydrogen and fuel cell technology. We now need to build on this lead. Our goal is clear: today we are building the best cars in the world, and in the future we also want to build the best electric cars in the world. To achieve this we need marketable, practical products, because the success of electric mobility will depend to a great extent on acceptance by users. This is why we are promoting electric mobility not only with batteries, but also with hydrogen and fuel cells. In cities, on short journeys, I see great potential for electric cars with batteries. On longer routes, electric vehicles featuring fuel cells present an interesting option”, noted Federal Minister for Transport Mr. Ramsauer.
Local zero-emission mobility
In the current B-Class F-CELL, the 100 kW/136 hp electric motor, which develops torque of 290 Nm, delivers dynamism from the instant the engine starts to turn. At the same time the B-Class F-CELL achieves an NEDC consumption (New European Driving Cycle) equivalent to only 3.3 litres of fuel (diesel equivalent) per 100 kilometres. With its long range and short refuelling times, the B-Class F-CELL combines local zero-emission mobility and high performance with suitability for long distances. At the heart of the drive system is the optimised, latest generation fuel cell system which is compact, powerful, safe and suitable for everyday use.
The fuel cell generates the electrical power on board the vehicle, from a chemical reaction between oxygen and hydrogen – producing only pure water and zero emissions. The integrated safety concept of the B-Class F-CELL takes the specific characteristics of the innovative drive system into account. The experience garnered over many years by Mercedes-Benz with the electric drive powered with fuel cells from the A-Class F-CELL and the high-voltage technology involving the lithium-ion battery from the S 400 HYBRID went into honing the concept.
Everyday use demonstrates practical suitability
In order to gather more experience from everyday use of the vehicle, which will be of benefit for subsequent model series, on the basis of market research data Mercedes-Benz has chosen a representative customer group consisting of fleet operators, public institutions, public figures and private customers as “test drivers”. In all, by 2012 around 90 B-Class F-CELL vehicles will be introduced into the German market. Within the scope of the National Innovation Program Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology (NIP), BMVBS advances the allocation and operation of the B-Class F-CELL. At the same time, the vehicle is also being put to practical everyday use in the USA as well as a number of other countries. It is expected that in 2012 a total of around 200 examples of the environmentally friendly electric cars will be operated on the roads by customers.
A million electric vehicles on German roads by 2020
A prerequisite for the introduction of fuel cell vehicles as well as the necessary infrastructure they require is that all of the parties involved must pull together. Support from public authorities is particularly important in order to ensure prompt and extensive implementation of the mobility concept. As part of the National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Innovation Programme (NIP), which is coordinated by NOW, the German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development is supporting research and development work, as well as demonstrating hydrogen and fuel cell technology in the areas of transport, stationary supply and special markets with investment currently totalling 500 million euros. Initiatives such as the Clean Energy Partnership (CEP) are also expected to provide proof of the system capabilities of accompanying technologies. These include the electrolytic production and storage of gaseous hydrogen at filling stations, and the central CO2-free extraction of hydrogen and its subsequent delivery and on-site storage. The aim is to put the economic efficiency of hydrogen production from regenerative energy sources to the test in actual operation, to guarantee quick, safe refuelling, and also to demonstrate the suitability for everyday use of high-performance, near production standard hydrogen vehicles. “I want this future technology to become part of everyday life – including part of our lives here at the Ministry. This is why we are striving to set an example: as of today, in addition to a battery car, we will also be using a fuel cell vehicle to meet the Ministry’s official motoring requirements”, explained the Federal Minister for Transport.
The first new Mercedes-Benz F-CELL hydrogen-powered B-Class vehicles are now available to California residents, making emission-free driving a reality. Mr. Vance Van Petten took the keys to the very first Mercedes-Benz B-Class F-CELL vehicle available to U.S. customers during an official hand-over at the newly renovated dealership of Fletcher Jones Mercedes-Benz in Newport Beach.
Mr. Van Petten, Executive Director of the Producers Guild of America, said, “As a long-time environmental advocate and supporter of sustainable production and eco-friendly transport, I’m thrilled to be driving a vehicle that I believe represents the future of environmentally thoughtful transportation — not only does it have zero emissions, but it also provides me with all of the safety technology one expects from Mercedes-Benz.”
Mr. Van Petten is part of a select group of people who are participating in a Mercedes-Benz lease program for the B-Class F-CELL Hydrogen car. As part of an initiative to further develop F-CELL vehicles and gain real-world experience in the United States, these vehicles will also be used to provide driving data to the Department of Energy (DOE) to support their Hydrogen to the Highways program. Due to the restricted number of Hydrogen fueling stations, Mercedes-Benz sought prospects for the F-CELL lease through its own survey and vetting process to determine who among the many applicants would become among the first to lease the F-CELL hydrogen vehicles. Those interested in leasing an F-CELL can visit
Powered by an electric motor with 134 horsepower and 215 lb-ft of torque, the new B-Class F-CELL provides driving performance comparable to a similar conventional car while using about half the fuel. The car utilizes a fuel cell stack for generating electricity and a lithium ion battery for energy storage. Taking only approximately three minutes to refuel, The B-Class F-CELL emits only water as a by-product of the fuel cell system.
“The introduction of the F-CELL in California marks the beginning of zero emission Fuel Cell technology in the US for Mercedes-Benz,” said Sascha Simon, head of advanced product planning at Mercedes-Benz USA. “With a range of 240 miles that never needs to be plugged and more than 15 years of Mercedes-Benz research already committed to the technology, we believe this is a great addition to our fast growing portfolio of alternative fuel vehicles that customers can choose from to best suit their lifestyle.”
The F-Cell made an appearance this summer at the US Open Tennis Championships where Mercedes-Benz is the official vehicle. It played its part within the overall green fleet for VIP and player transportation, which also included Mercedes-Benz S400 Hybrid sedans. Alec Baldwin, this past tournament’s USTA green ambassador arrived at the tournament’s Opening Ceremony in the F-CELL.
Californians are no strangers to Mercedes-Benz eco-friendly vehicles including Hollywood’s elite. Individuals such as Demi Moore, Gerard Butler, Simon Baker, Toby Maguire and Katharine McPhee among others are choosing Mercedes-Benz because it offers safety and technology with solid environmental credentials without sacrificing luxury. These vehicles range from the S400 HYBRID luxury sedan to the ML450 HYBRID mid-size SUV. Also popular are the clean diesel BlueTEC sedans and SUVs like the E350 BlueTEC and the R, ML and GL350 BlueTEC.
Environmental friendliness, efficiency, and passenger safety will be the focus of new developments for Mercedes-Benz buses and coaches. At the 63rd IAA Commercial Vehicles, in Hall 14/15 Sept. 23-30, 2010, five travel coaches and transit buses will be presented to the public. Among them will be the innovative, zero-emission Citaro FuelCELL Hybrid, and the Mercedes-Benz Sprinter City 77 for urban use which will be making its debut at the auto show.
New Sprinter City 77: innovative flagship urban bus joins the minibus line-up
This minibus is XXL: Mercedes-Benz caps its urban minibus range with the new Sprinter City 77. The three-axle 8.7-metre-long urban bus is based on a conventional Sprinter up to the B-pillar. The bus body with twin rear axle and continuous low-floor area is an exclusive in-house development for the Sprinter City 77. Thanks to its capacity of 40 passengers it plugs the gap between the Sprinter City 65 and the Citaro K. The new Sprinter City 77 is around a metre longer than the previous City 65 flagship model and – depending on the equipment options – boasts ten extra passenger seats. The gross vehicle weight of 6.8 t facilitates the high passenger-handling capacity.
Two outward-swinging double doors, which are operated using an innovative drive concept, and a kneeling function along with the stepless low floor throughout ensure fast passenger flow and convenient boarding and alighting. Depending on the configuration a wheelchair bay with a ramp is available at the front or rear. The bright interior with its large windows and large glass doors is spacious and attractive.
The Sprinter City 77 has a wheelbase of 4100 + 990 mm. The air-sprung rear axles feature 235/65 R 16 C single tyres all-round. The relatively short wheelbase and the sleek design make the minibus extremely manoeuvrable: the width of the separately mounted body is just 1.99 metres, making the largest member of the Mercedes-Benz minibus line-up likewise ideally suited to tight inner city areas. Moreover, it is also an ideal solution as a shuttle bus for airports or trade fairs, as well as for rural services.
A Mercedes-Benz Sprinter with the most powerful version of the four-cylinder diesel engine provides the platform. Its output of 120 kW (163 hp) and maximum torque of 360 Nm delivers appropriate performance. The Sprinter City 77 is among the cleanest on the block with its EEV emissions standard certification. Power transfer comes courtesy of a convenient fully automatic 5-speed transmission as standard.
Mercedes-AMG is accepting the challenges of motoring of the future: the SLS AMG E-CELL is evidence of the state-of-the-art development of an exciting super sports car featuring a zero-emission high-tech drive. Boasting a power output of 392 kW and 880 Nm of torque, the technology vehicle from AMG is able to offer exceptional performance. The gullwing with electric drive is part of the company strategy entitled “AMG Performance 2015” which aims to continually reduce fuel consumption and emissions.
With the SLS AMG E-CELL, Mercedes-AMG is providing a glimpse of its latest development project – a powerful and locally emission-free super sports car. Finished in fluorescent “AMG lumilectric magno” paint, the gullwing offers the prospect of a possible small series production run and at the same time reflects the innovative strength and development competence of the AMG performance brand.
“We take social responsibility very seriously and with the SLS AMG E-CELL we are demonstrating a further milestone in our “AMG Performance 2015″ strategy. It is our goal to continually reduce the fuel consumption and emissions of new models in the coming years, while at the same time enhancing the core brand value of performance”, explains Ola Källenius, chairman of the board (from 1 July 2010) of Mercedes-AMG GmbH. With the SLS AMG E-CELL, the performance brand of Mercedes-Benz is launching a totally innovative drive solution for super sports cars and as such is among the pioneers in this market segment.
The ground-breaking drive system of the technology vehicle boasts some outstanding features: powerful traction is provided by four synchronous electric motors with a combined peak output of 392 kW and a maximum torque of 880 Nm. The four compact electric motors each achieve a maximum rpm of 12,000/rpm and are positioned near to the wheels. As a result, compared with wheel-hub motors the unsprung masses are substantially reduced. One transmission per axle transmits the power.
Acceleration from zero to 100 km/h in 4 seconds
When it comes to dynamics, the electrically-powered SLS AMG makes a statement: the gullwing model accelerates from zero to 100 km/h in 4 seconds – which almost puts it on the same high level as the SLS AMG with 6.3-litre V8 engine developing 420 kW (571 hp), which can accelerate to 100 km/h in 3.8 seconds.
Further exciting touches are provided courtesy of the agile accelerator response and the straight-line performance: unlike the combustion engine, torque build-up with an electric motor is instantaneous – maximum torque is available virtually from a standstill. The spontaneous torque build-up and confident power delivery – which does not suffer from any interruption of tractive power – are combined with engine running characteristics which are totally free of vibration. Four motors, four wheels: the intelligent and permanent all-wheel drive of the electric SLS guarantees driving dynamics at the highest level, while at the same time providing the best possible active safety. Perfect traction is therefore ensured for all four driven wheels, whatever the weather conditions.
This very special gullwing is therefore able to “electrify” the driver with a completely unique, effortlessly superior and emotional super sports car driving sensation – and this is just at the prototype stage. In brief: the SLS AMG E-CELL is a true AMG too.
High-voltage lithium-ion battery provides 400 v and 40 Ah
The SLS AMG E-CELL drive incorporates a liquid-cooled high-voltage lithium-ion battery featuring a modular design with an energy content of 48 kWh and a
capacity of 40 Ah. The maximum electric load potential of the battery, which consists of 324 lithium-ion polymer cells, is 480 kW, which is an absolute best value in the automotive sector. Another technical feature of this considerable performance is the intelligent parallel circuit of the individual battery modules – this also helps to maximise the safety, reliability and service life of the battery. The 400-volt battery is charged by means of targeted recuperation during braking whilst the car is being driven.
Key data at a glance:
High-performance electronic control as well as effective cooling of all components
A high-performance electronic control system converts the direct current from the high-voltage battery into three-phase alternating current which is required for the synchronous motors and regulates the energy flow for all operating conditions. Two low-temperature cooling circuits ensure that the four electric motors and the power electronics are maintained at an even operating temperature.
A separate low-temperature circuit is responsible for cooling the high-voltage lithium-ion battery. In low external temperatures, the battery is quickly brought up to operating temperature with the aid of an electric heating element. This helps to preserve the overall service life of the battery. In extremely high external temperatures, the cooling circuit for the battery can be additionally boosted with the aid of the air conditioning system.
Optimum weight distribution and low centre of gravity
The purely electric drive system was factored into the equation as early as the concept phase when the gullwing model was being developed. It is ideally packaged for the integration of the high-performance, zero-emission technology: by way of example, the four electric motors and the two transmissions can be positioned as close to the four wheels as possible and very low down in the vehicle. The same applies to the modular high-current battery, whose modules are located in front of the firewall, in the centre tunnel and behind the seats. Advantages of this solution include the vehicle’s low centre of gravity and balanced weight distribution – ideal conditions for optimum handling, which the electrically-powered SLS AMG shares with its petrol-driven sister model.
The installation of the drive components required no changes whatsoever to the gullwing model’s weight-optimised aluminium spaceframe. And there were just as few constraints when it came to maintaining the excellent level of passive safety and high degree of long-distance comfort that are hallmarks of Mercedes cars.
New front axle design with pushrod damper struts
The additional front-wheel drive called for a newly designed front axle: unlike the series production vehicle with AMG V8 engine, which has a double wishbone axle, the SLS AMG E-CELL features an independent multilink suspension with pushrod damper struts. This is because the vertically-arranged damper struts in the series SLS had to make way for the additional drive shafts. As is usual in a wide variety of racing vehicles, horizontal damper struts are now used, which are operated via separate push rods and transfer levers.
Thanks to this sophisticated front-axle design, which has already been tried and tested in the world of motor sport, the agility and driving dynamics of the electrically-powered SLS AMG attain the same high levels as the V8 variant. Another distinguishing feature is the speed-sensitive power steering with rack-and-pinion steering gear: the power assistance is implemented electrohydraulically rather than just hydraulically.
AMG ceramic composite brakes for perfect deceleration
The technology vehicle is slowed with the aid of AMG ceramic composite brakes, available as an optional extra for the series production model, which boast extremely short stopping distances, a precise actuation point and outstanding fade
resistance, even in extreme operating conditions. The over-sized discs – measuring 402 x 39 mm at the front and 360 x 32 mm at the rear – are made of carbon fibre-strengthened ceramic, feature an integral design all round and are connected to an aluminium bowl in a radially floating arrangement.
The ceramic brake discs are 40 percent lighter in weight than the conventional, grey cast iron brake discs. The reduction in unsprung masses not only improves handling dynamics and agility, but also ride comfort and tyre grip. The lower rotating masses at the front axle also ensure a more direct steering response – which is particularly noticeable when taking motorway bends at high speed. The ABS and ESP® systems have been adapted to match the special application spectrum of the permanent all-wheel drive.
Full-LED headlamps and automatically extending front splitter
The purist, exciting design of the technology vehicle boasts a number of minor yet extremely effective modifications. At the front, the dynamically shaped full-LED headlamps with integrated daytime driving lights immediately catch the eye: they help to optimise the vehicle’s energy efficiency, since they require less power compared with regular bi-xenon light systems. The wider radiator grille also has a new look, and now comes with transverse slats instead of a diamond-pattern grille. The air outlet openings on the bonnet and the vehicle sides have also been modified for enhanced aerodynamics. All trim and detachable parts, which are finished in chrome or silver shadow on the standard SLS AMG, are now finished in matt black.
The front apron has not only been brought further forward, but also helps to guarantee an optimised airflow in the area of the underbody. This improves air resistance while reducing downforce. An extendable front splitter enhances this effect: in parallel with the automatic rear spoiler, it extends downwards by seven centimetres at speeds above 120 km/h and helps to further accelerate the air which travels beneath the car. When it reaches the area of the rear axle, the air enters the rear diffusor which, due to the lack of an exhaust system, features a steeper angle, thus increasing downforce at the rear axle and in turn further enhancing the aerodynamic balance. The vehicle’s AMG 10-spoke light-alloy wheels featuring a new, smooth-surfaced design are fitted with 265/35 R 19 (front) and 295/30 R 20 (rear) tyres.
Interior with new display instruments for electric drive
The transformation from petrol to electric super sports car also called for some specific changes to the interior. As a result, the AMG instrument cluster and centre console in particular both feature a new design. The new AMG instrument cluster provides information on speed, charge status of the battery and the estimated range. The newly designed centre console now houses a 25 cm touchscreen, which driver and passenger can use to conveniently operate all of the audio, climate and navigation functions, and also obtain information on the flow of power from the four electric motors.
The AMG Drive Unit, which is angled towards the driver, houses buttons for starting the motor, and the ESP® functions, the AMG memory function and the extendable front splitter and rear spoiler. Using three new buttons, the driver can switch simply between P, R and D. The park setting is also enabled automatically by switching the electric motors off.
The interior appointments are dominated by high-quality nappa leather in a black/white colour combination – it has been used not only on the sports seats, the performance leather/alcantara steering wheel and the door linings, but also on the broad centre tunnel which runs towards the back of the vehicle between the seats.
Mercedes-Benz is unveiling the prototype of a battery-powered van based on the Mercedes-Benz Vito at the informal EU Competitiveness Council meeting in San Sebastián from 7 to 9 February. During this event, European ministers of economic affairs meet to discuss issues relating to the economic viability of future technologies. Dr. Dieter Zetsche, Chairman of the Board of Management of Daimler AG, will be giving a speech on the sustainability of electric vehicles in his capacity as current president of the ACEA (European Automobile Manufacturers Association).
Based on the Mercedes-Benz Vito, the experimental vehicle being presented marks the start of a new era in local, zero emission mobility in the van sector. The Vito is the first van in the world to incorporate this technology ex factory, thereby underlining Daimler AG’s commitment to sustainable mobility. The vehicle is the outcome of research and development activities at Daimler AG which are focused on three aspects: optimising combustion engines, boosting efficiency via custom hybrid components and emission-free vehicle operation deploying batteries and fuel cells.
During 2010, more than 100 Mercedes-Benz Vito vans will be delivered to 20 customers, primarily fleet operators and public institutions wishing to transport items in environmentally sensitive zones with zero emissions, including no CO2 emissions, and low noise. Deployment scenarios therefore typically involve short distances and making many stops in urban areas. Production of a further 2000 vehicles is planned in the next phase.
The drive configuration is designed solely to run on battery power and thus dispenses with the powertrain intended for combustion engines.
A battery featuring powerful lithium-ion technology supplies energy to the Vito. With an operating voltage of 400 V, 16 A current and an available capacity of 32 kWh, the Vito’s range averages 130 km but can be considerably higher given an appropriate driving style. The electric motor delivers a peak output of 90 kW. Performance is oriented around customer requirements: an electronically limited top speed of 80 km/h is designed to meet our customers’ transportation needs in and around urban areas.
When it comes to safety features, every aspect is covered. All Vito vehicles come with ESP as standard which incorporates ABS and ASR. The number and type of airbags also corresponds with the current Vito specification. Vehicles are subjected to the usual crash tests with regard to passive safety. There is no loss in terms of payload or load volume compared to a conventionally powered Vito as a load capacity in excess of 900 kg is possible.
Assembly of the electric-powered Vito is being integrated directly into standard production. The Mercedes-Benz plant at Vitoria in the Basque region of Spain is already preparing for the challenges associated with manufacturing an additional variant. Logistics, staff training and production technology are receiving financial support from the regional government.
In Germany too the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) is providing subsidies to support the efforts of Mercedes-Benz Vans in the areas of research and development, testing and customer deployment.
No emissions, yet pure driving pleasure: The first smart fortwo electric drive were handed over to customers in Berlin today. The compact two-seater is the first emission-free vehicle in the world with state-of-the-art lithium-ion technology and an intelligent charging management system on board. This makes the smart fortwo electric drive the first environmentally and customer-friendly electric vehicle. In order that, smart has once again demonstrated its innovation power and redefines urban mobility.
The very first drivers of the electric smart will be Rolf Bauer (artist and owner of a film dubbing studio) and Lutz Tamaschke (owner of a dental technology company). Both have sworn by the compact two-seater for years. “I’ve always been a fan of smart and am proud to be able to set a new trend once again by driving the electric smart. Thanks to the smart fortwo electric drive, I can make my own contribution to preserving the environment,” comments Rolf Bauer. With the smart fortwo electric drive, these two men now own a vehicle that is perfectly suited to urban mobility and offers driving pleasure, while being locally emission-free at the same time. “I allow myself and my car a rest for the night, so that we can both recharge our batteries. After a few hours sleep, we’re both good to go,” says Lutz Tamaschke enthusiastically. The first two vehicles were handed over today in Berlin by Dr. Thomas Weber, member of the Board of Management of Daimler AG, responsible for Group Research and Mercedes-Benz Cars Development, and Harald Schuff, Executive Vice President Mercedes-Benz Sales and Marketing Organization.
“Environmental compatibility and latest functionalities have been defining features of the smart fortwo ever since it was launched more than ten years ago. Since then, its innovative concept has combined pioneering technology with individual, urban mobility. The smart fortwo electric drive is just as convincing as its siblings with conventional drive when it comes to suitability for everyday use, safety and driving pleasure. In terms of environmental compatibility it sets a new benchmark with its emission-free electric drive. In addition, with just 12 kwH consumption and its purely electric drive system, it is the most economical and environmentally-friendly way of driving,” stated Dr. Thomas Weber.
The electric smart will be delivered to selected fleet, business and private customers around the world as part of various “e-mobility” projects. These customers will receive a complete service package for their vehicle thanks to a so-called “full-service rental model”. “Beside state-of-the-art vehicle technology, we also want to provide our customers the best service possible – for us, this is an integral part of the concept of groundbreaking mobility,” commented Harald Schuff.
Key objective of these projects is to evaluate customer behaviour and specific support services. In addition to Germany, the electric smart will also be made available to customers in Italy, Spain, England, France, Switzerland, as well as the USA and Canada.
The concept
Thanks to its innovative vehicle concept, the intelligent two-seater combines sustainable, forward-looking technologies with individual, urban mobility. Its unique design has led it to quickly become an automotive lifestyle icon, which today is quite at home on the streets of trendsetting cities. And the new smart fortwo electric drive is still a smart fortwo without any compromises in terms of safety, comfort and space. A 30 kW electric motor operates in the rear of the smart fortwo electric drive, which ensures good acceleration as soon as the car is started thanks to 120 Nm torque. When fully charged, the highly-efficient lithium-ion battery guarantees a range of 135 kilometers thanks to its 16.5 kwH capacity – more than enough for city traffic. In order to charge the battery if required, the smart can either be hooked up to a public charging station, a wall box in the garage or simply to any standard household socket.
Intelligent charging management: charging and paying, as easy as using a mobile phone
As the world’s first electric car, the smart fortwo electric drive is equipped with an intelligent charging management system. The on-board electronics allow for the permanent exchange of information with the grid. As such, electricity billing, for example, can be arranged in a very convenient, simple and secure way. Irrespective of where and from whom the smart fortwo electric drive has obtained electricity, the customer will only receive one electricity bill from his own energy supplier. He can also check the charging status and therefore the current range of his electric smart in any place and at any time, by using a smartphone, for example, or other internet interfaces. As the heating and air-conditioning of the vehicle are also controlled by the power electronics unit, drivers of the smart fortwo electric drive can pre-aircondition their car as soon as the vehicle is connected to the grid supply – no other car offers this convenient option of pre-heating the car in winter and pre-cooling it in summer.
The electronics of the vehicle also form the basis for future applications, such as active management of the charging process. As the electronics can retrieve the maximum available charging capacity as well as the corresponding electricity costs when the vehicle is hooked up, it can calculate in which period of time recharging would be the most cost-effective. If the electric smart is parked for a longer time, charging can be carried out at times with lower electricity network load, for example.
On-board economy as standard
Depending on the respective electricity contract partner, around two up to three Euro are incurred in operating costs for every 100 kilometres driven in the smart fortwo electric drive. In addition, more and more governments and city authorities around the world are introducing regulations to promote emission-free driving and are setting up low-emission zones, which will also lead to cost benefits.
smart solutions for electric mobility
With the smart fortwo electric drive, smart is continuing its success story as the founder of the intelligent city vehicle. The new electric smart has redefined urban mobility by focusing on a purely emission-free way of driving. As such, the brand is not only demonstrating its role as a trendsetter, but also its technological innovation power: the smart fortwo electric drive is the ideal solution for locally emission-free driving of the future.
In 1994, the NECAR 1, the world’s first vehicle fitted with an electric drive with fuel cells was launched. Since then, Mercedes-Benz has made enormous progress in developing this technology: local zero-emission fuel cell vehicles have performed superbly in test fleets. In 2009, Mercedes‑Benz took the decisive step towards mass production of the electric drive with fuel cells as it started to manufacture the B‑Class F‑CELL under series production conditions.
1999 – The NECAR 4 managed for the first time to house a 70-kW/95-hp electric drive with fuel cells including the tank entirely in the sandwich floor of the A‑Class. The research vehicle was powered by compressed hydrogen and had a range of 200 kilometres.
2003 – The first of 30 fuel cell urban buses based on the Mercedes-Benz Citaro went into regular service in Madrid and Stuttgart. Other European cities as well as Perth (Australia) and Beijing were to follow. By 2006 all the vehicles had clocked up over two million zero-emission kilometres in around 135,000 operating hours.
2004 – Mercedes-Benz handed over ten fuel cell cars to customers in Berlin. The A‑Class F‑CELL filled up with hydrogen at the public filling station run by the Clean Energy Partnership (CEP).
2009 – Mercedes-Benz unveiled its near-series Concept BlueZERO study, a modular drive concept for electric vehicles with a battery-electric drive system, with fuel cells, and with an electric motor and additional combustion engine as a range extender.
2009 – Mercedes-Benz produced the first fuel cell vehicles under series production conditions with the small production series of the B‑Class F‑CELL. Thanks to 700-bar high-pressure hydrogen technology the range of the 100-kW/136-hp vehicle, which is suited for everyday use, was extended to around 400 kilometres.
Mercedes-Benz fuel cell vehicles have already demonstrated their day-to-day suitability, including in large-scale field-trials. With more than 100 test vehicles and a combined total of over 4.5 million kilometres of trial testing, the company boasts the most extensive experience with fuel cell-based electric drive systems of any manufacturer worldwide. However, certain challenges still need to be overcome, including a nationwide network of hydrogen filling stations, before local zero-emission motoring can become a widespread reality.
Mercedes-Benz can fall back on its extensive experience in fuel cell technology: since 1994 the Stuttgart-based car maker has been conducting research into the use of the electric drive with fuel cells in the motor car, thus building up outstanding technology know-how. Some 180 registered patents in the field of fuel cell technology are testimony to the company’s pioneering work. As part of various large-scale field tests involving fuel cell vehicles, 100 Mercedes-Benz passenger cars, buses and vans have been in daily use on the road with customers and have already clocked up over 4.5 million kilometres. Such tests provide important insights for the further development of the local zero-emission drive system – also in relation to user behaviour when utilising the new technology.
Joint initiatives promote infrastructure
Daimler AG reached a significant milestone in terms of a sufficient supply of hydrogen in September 2009 by joining forces with EnBW, Linde, OMV, Shell, Total, Vattenfall and NOW GmbH (Nationale Organisation Wasserstoff- und Brennstoffzellentechnologie). In a memorandum of understanding the partners agreed to a plan to set up a filling station network in two phases. Phase I will examine various options for setting up a nationwide hydrogen filling station network as well as developing a joint, economically viable business concept. The aim is also to develop concepts for setting up new, additional hydrogen filling stations by 2011. If the business continues to perform well, the partners will then implement a suitable action plan in Phase II. This forms the basis for the nationwide roll-out of a hydrogen filling station network. This initiative receives funding as part of the German government’s Recovery Package II. Daimler AG, Ford Motor Company, General Motors Corporation/Opel, Honda Motor Co., Ltd., Hyundai Motor Company, Kia Motors Corporation, the joint venture Renault SA and Nissan Motor Co. Ltd. and Toyota Motor Corporation agreed previously in a letter of understanding to commercialise fuel cell vehicles from 2015 onwards.
Daimler AG has been committed to promoting this important issue for many years, reflected in its participation in joint projects, cooperation with government agencies, power utilities and oil companies in places such as Hamburg, Stuttgart and California. The City of Hamburg has become the centre for local zero-emission mobility on the basis of the electric drive with fuel cells. In the spring, the City teamed up with Daimler, Shell, Total and Vattenfall Europe to launch a major project for the use of passenger cars and buses using fuel cell technology. From the end of 2010 the first of a total of ten latest-generation fuel cell buses will be on the roads in Hamburg. They will be joined by 20 B‑Class F‑CELL vehicles. By 2014 a total of four hydrogen filling stations should be up and running. The aim of the joint initiative is to promote the development of a zero-emission vehicle fleet and the associated infrastructure. In cooperation with Linde AG and Daimler AG, OMV turned its Stuttgart Airport site into the first public hydrogen filling station in Baden-Württemberg in June 2009. In the USA, Daimler AG is promoting fuel cell technology in the car as part of the California Fuel Cell Partnership.
Hydrogen as an energy source
A decisive advantage of electric vehicles with a fuel cell drive system is that they generate zero emissions locally. Just how much CO2 is generated during hydrogen production depends on the form of energy or the process used. The bulk of the hydrogen required today is generated by means of a steam reforming process. Natural gas and water vapour are processed in the steam reformer at high temperatures to produce hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in the first instance. The following step involves converting the carbon monoxide component into carbon dioxide and hydrogen through the addition of steam. The highly efficient fuel cell means the overall CO2 emissions of 20 to 30 percent are already well below those for ultra-modern diesel vehicles.
Furthermore, hydrogen can also be easily produced from renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power. This allows hydrogen to be produced by means of electrolysis, as well as through the use of biomass. The synthesis gas (essentially carbon monoxide and hydrogen) produced in the initial process stage is converted into carbon dioxide and hydrogen. As the proportion of renewable energy is increased, so the process moves ever closer to an entirely CO2-neutral energy chain.
Combustion engine remains the most important drive system
Mercedes-Benz sees the development of electric vehicles with battery and fuel cell for tomorrow’s local zero-emission driving as a way of supplementing the extremely clean, economical BlueEFFICIENCY models and hybrid vehicles already available. However, a range of limiting factors still exists, such as system costs and infrastructure, as well as range and performance for battery-driven vehicles in particular, when it comes to smooth, comfortable operation. Advanced diesel and petrol engines will remain important for automotive applications for a long time to come – not only for individual mobility in passenger cars – especially over long distances – but, more importantly, for freight transport in trucks. Electric vehicles, on the other hand, will increasingly be used in urban transport. Consequently, Mercedes-Benz has developed a wide-ranging portfolio of solutions. And as part of this strategy the combustion engine will continue to play a crucial role. Despite enormous progress, the electric car – whether powered by a fuel cell or a battery – cannot completely replace vehicles powered by a combustion engine over the short-term.
Mercedes-Benz utilises PEMFC fuel cells (Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell) for the F‑CELL vehicles. An assessment of various fuel cell designs showed them to be the best option for motor vehicles. The key advantage when it comes to vehicle drive systems is their operating temperature of up to around 80 degrees Celsius.
A fuel cell is a voltaic cell that converts the reaction energy of an added fuel (e.g. hydrogen) and an oxidising agent (e.g. airborne oxygen) into electrical energy. A fuel cell is not an energy storage device like a rechargeable battery, but an energy converter.
The drive system on a fuel cell vehicle is twice as efficient as a vehicle with a combustion engine, essentially the result of converting the fuel’s (hydrogen) chemical energy directly into electrical energy. At the heart of the PEM fuel cell is the proton exchange membrane (PEM), a plastic film that conducts protons, and which separates the reaction agents: oxygen and hydrogen. The plastic film measuring just a few tenths of a millimetre is coated with a thin layer of platinum on both sides. This platinum layer acts as a catalyst for the chemical reaction that breaks down the hydrogen into protons and electrons. While the protons flow through the membrane to the oxygen, the electrons are prevented from getting through. The hydrogen reacts with the oxygen to create water, which is dissipated into the atmosphere. The excess electrons on the hydrogen side and the lack of electrons on the oxygen side induce an electrical voltage. If the two poles are connected, an electric current flows, which drives the electric motor in the F‑CELL vehicle. Apart from electrical energy, the reaction in the fuel cell also generates heat that can be used to heat the vehicle, for instance.
To achieve sufficient electrical power for fuel cell vehicles, individual fuel cells are electrically connected in series to create stacks. A control unit ensures the stack is supplied with the right amounts of hydrogen, and oxygen from the air. The hydrogen is fed into the stack via the anode module, while the air is added via the cathode module. A humidifier module keeps the stack moist to achieve optimum operating conditions within the stack. A cooling system always maintains the fuel cell at its optimum operating temperature of around 80 degrees Celsius.
System partner for the zero-emission drive system
The Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation headquartered in Vancouver developed the fuel cell stack for the B‑Class F‑CELL. The company was founded in 2007 with Daimler as the majority shareholder (50.1 percent). Other partners include the Ford Motor Company (30 percent) and Ballard Power Systems (19.9 percent).
NuCellSys GmbH developed the ancillary units to operate the fuel cell stack and integrate the stack into the fuel cell system. The wholly owned subsidiary of Daimler AG is responsible for system engineering and design, component and software development as well as system validation.
As the first European car manufacturers smart and Mercedes-Benz are entering the age of electric mobility with vehicles that are fully suitable for everyday use. The new smart fortwo electric drive has taken on a pioneering role among battery-powered electric vehicles. With a range of up to 135 kilometres the two-seater car is the ideal solution for zero-emission motoring in towns and cities. The Mercedes-Benz B-Class F-CELL is the perfect complement. As an electric vehicle with a fuel cell it combines driving without any local emissions with the advantage of a large range of up to 400 kilometres which makes it suitable for longer trips as well. Both vehicles are now being handed over to customers.
Dr. Dieter Zetsche, Daimler CEO and Head of Mercedes-Benz cars says “As a global supplier of premium cars we want to meet the mobility requirements of our customers all over the world. This is why we are broadly positioned and have developed a modular drive mix to suit different requirements. The smart fortwo electric drive and the Mercedes-Benz B-Class F-CELL are already demonstrating the contribution that electric cars can make to sustainable mobility. Experts are unanimous in their belief that the “coexistence” of different drive technologies will shape the face of road traffic for years to come. This is why Daimler’s approach is to develop vehicle concepts with modular drive technologies which ensure that the focus is always on both customer benefits and environmental compatibility. In addition to the optimisation of vehicles with state-of-the-art combustion engines and further efficiency increases with hybridisation tailored to customer needs, the third central focus of development is on fuel cell and battery-powered vehicles that do not produce any local emissions. Dr. Thomas Weber, Daimler AG board member responsible for Group Research and Development at Mercedes-Benz Cars says “Each of these technologies demonstrates its advantages with regard to optimum consumption and emission figures in specific fields of application. We are the only manufacturer worldwide to offer our customers appropriate solutions for all fields of application – from personal mobility to local public transport and goods transport on the roads.”
Electric cars are now being delivered to customers
With the electric cars from smart and Mercedes-Benz that are fully suitable for everyday use, zero-emission driving is already a reality. The new smart fortwo electric drive is a pioneer among battery electric vehicles which are primarily suited to use in urban areas. The second generation is already being built and now boasts a highly efficient lithium-ion battery which enables a range of 135 kilometres and impressive performance. Following the start of series production in Hambach, France in mid November 2009, the first small series of 1000 vehicles will be handed over to customers in Berlin on 17 December.
The two-seater car will initially be delivered to selected customers in six European countries plus the USA and Canada within the framework of a leasing or rental model. Volume production will start in 2012 and the smart fortwo electric drive will then be available to anyone interested.
Thanks to its range of around 400 kilometres, the Mercedes-Benz B-Class F-CELL is suitable for both zero-emission driving in city traffic and also for travelling longer distances. Small series production of this electric car has also started. Next year the first of approximately 200 vehicles will be delivered to customers in Europe and the USA.
Both electric cars are fully suitable for everyday use. All the main components are housed in a space-saving position between the axles where they are optimally protected, and this means that the interior space is not compromised in the electric versions of the standard cars. Furthermore, the smart – the ultimate city car – has an extremely comfortable range for city driving and it can be charged at any household socket. The B-Class F-CELL offers a large range and is suitable for travelling longer distances as well. As its hydrogen tanks can be fully refuelled in around three minutes it is also the electric car with the shortest charging time.
Infrastructure is essential
An appropriate refuelling and electricity charging infrastructure is essential for wide customer acceptance and quick widespread use of electric vehicles. This is why Daimler is committed to setting up a comprehensive network of electricity charging stations and hydrogen filling stations. In September 2009 together with the Federal Ministry of Transport and partners from the energy sector the company presented a plan for establishing a hydrogen infrastructure in Germany. At the same time Daimler reached an agreement with other leading car manufacturers to bring several hundred thousand fuel cell cars to the roads from 2015.
Parallel to this, together with various partners in Europe the Stuttgart car manufacturer is advancing the expansion of a public electricity charging infrastructure. This is because although electric vehicles like the smart fortwo electric drive can easily be charged at a domestic garage socket, around 40 percent of European vehicle owners do not have a parking space of their own. Publicly accessible charging stations are therefore needed. To enable this to be realised Europe-wide as far as possible with standardised framework conditions, Daimler is developing corresponding standards together with other car manufacturers and utility companies.
Electric mobility – an affordable alternative?
New technologies generally entail high investments and costs. This means that at the current stage of development electric cars are still more expensive than comparable models with combustion engines. Daimler is applying all available levers to reduce the costs to a level that is economically acceptable and attractive to customers. For example, by industrialising lithium-ion technology with the company Deutsche Accumotive GmbH and the economies of scale resulting from this. Furthermore, in product development Daimler is systematically using a modular E-drive system. This enables synergies to be ideally used between the different vehicle segments.
There are also numerous other factors that make electric mobility attractive for customers. Tax relief and other government subsidies are an important aspect. For example, the state of Monaco offers tax relief of up to €9,000 to electric car owners. Other countries have also set up funding programmes for sustainable mobility. France offers a “super environment incentive” of €5000 for vehicles that emit less than 60 grams of CO2 per kilometre. China and Japan have announced subsidies of €6,500 and €11,000 respectively.
Customers benefit from lower running costs
In addition, owners of electric cars can benefit from lower running costs. For example, in Germany the electricity costs for a distance of 100 kilometres currently stand at between two and three euros. And many experts believe that in the long-term the costs for hydrogen will level out at a price that makes it an inexpensive alternative to fossil fuels.
However, the question of the future taxation of new fuels has not yet been clarified. Dr. Thomas Weber says “It would make sense to find a solution that supports the introduction of new drives during the transitional period – for example with temporary tax exemption for electricity and hydrogen, just as various countries offer tax relief today for natural gas used to power vehicles.”
For example, electric cars like the smart fortwo electric drive are exempted from the city congestion charge in London, enabling their owners to save considerable sums of money.
Dr. Joachim Schmidt, Head of Sales and Marketing at Mercedes-Benz Cars says “All things considered we see good prospects for electric mobility with fuel cells and batteries. Whilst other companies are still presenting electric show cars, we at smart and Mercedes-Benz are already bringing two vehicles that are fully suitable for everyday use to the roads.”
A few weeks after the production of the smart fortwo electric drive started at the plant in Hambach, smart signed an agreement with the Principality of Monaco, in the presence of His Royal Highness Prince Albert II. From next spring, the first electric smarts will be run on the roads of Monaco.
The ten smart fortwo electric drive will be exclusively used by state services (such as postal and telecommunications services) or monacan public service partner companies, which are already very engaged in the field of zero-emission mobility.
“We are very proud that the Principality of Monaco as one pioneer in sustainability projects decided to count on/partner with the pioneer of zero emission mobility – the smart fortwo electric drive,” stated Dr. Joachim Schmidt, Executive Vice President Sales and Marketing Mercedes-Benz Cars. “We need engaged partners like this in order to make emission free driving become reality.”
The partnership between smart and the Principality of Monaco will be part of the worldwide roll-out of the smart fortwo electric drive. The 1,000 vehicles will be on the road for everyday use in major cities of Europe, the United States and Canada.
Mercedes-Benz France Chairman Reinhard Lyhs: “Through this partnership, the smart fortwo electric drive is confirming its pioneering role in electric mobility. For us, the interest shown by the Principality of Monaco – itself a pioneer in zero-emission mobility – in the electric smart, is a powerful argument in favour of the concept and technologies of our electric model.”
Major stages in 2007 and 2008
smart has been fulfilling the role of pioneer in terms of zero-emission mobility since 2007. Since 2007, 100 first generation smart fortwo electric drive cars have been tested in London. The feedback of the customers was very positive and confirmed the concept’s high level of maturity.
In 2009, Daimler AG Group introduced the second generation smart fortwo electric drive equipped with a lithium-ion battery. Compared with other types of battery, lithium-ion technology has several crucial advantages, including higher power, shorter charging times, a longer lifetime and extreme reliability. The smart fortwo electric drive can be recharged using a standard domestic power socket.
From 2012, the smart fortwo electric drive will be produced as an additional model within the smart range at Hambach and will be sold through the smart dealer network.
A tale of success: the smart factory in Hambach
smart’s Hambach production facility opened in 1997. Since 1998, it has been producing the smart fortwo, which has been in its second generation since. In 2008, more than 800 employees within the factory and around 800 other staff from seven suppliers assembled almost 140, 000 smart fortwo vehicles. In September 2008, the company celebrated its tenth birthday at the same time as the millionth smart fortwo left the production line at Hambach.
About smart
Respect for the environment and modern functionality have been in the genes of the smart fortwo since it was launched over ten years ago. Since then, its innovative concept has become widespread, combining new technology, compatibility with eco-thinking and personal mobility. Scarcely more than two and a half meters long, this extremely compact and highly economical car carries its passengers in great comfort and complete safety. Its original design has made it an “icon” among lifestyle vehicles, proving that mobility, environmental responsibility and joie de vivre can be combined in perfect harmony. The smart fortwo has genuinely succeeded in creating a class apart.
Smart is currently distributed in 41 countries worldwide, having just launched in China and Brazil. Smart’s first markets were Germany, Italy and the US.
Mercedes-Benz today has again detailed one member of their modularly constructed electric car family– the Mercedes BlueZERO E-CELL PLUS. Based on the BlueZERO E-CELL (one of the models unveiled late last year that’s driven only by a battery-powered electric drive), the BlueZERO E-CELL PLUS features the same battery powered electric motor but adds a compact 50kW three-cylinder turbocharged petrol engine. As a result, the BlueZERO E-CELL PLUS boasts an operating range of up to 600 km, whereas the BlueZERO E-CELL notes an operating range of 200 km.
In terms of operation, the BlueZERO E-CELL PLUS features a rapid charging option with a capacity of 20 kW, enough power to allow for a 50 km cruising range in about 30 minutes. To achieve full electric charge, a little over an hour is needed, which will then allow the BlueZERO E-CELL PLUS to achieve its maximum range of 100 km (using the electric drive only). Charging time with a standard charge cycle at a conventional household outlet with 3,3 kW is approximately 6 hours.
Speaking briefly about the new concept, Prof. Herbert Kohler, Head of E-Drive and Future Mobility and also Chief Environmental Officer at Daimler, notes: "The Concept BlueZERO offers a triple demonstration of the technical maturity of alternative drive systems from Mercedes-Benz. Electric vehicles with battery electric or fuel cell drive systems will not truly be on an equal footing with today’s combustion engine drive systems until the customers are confident that there is a sufficient infrastructure of electricity and hydrogen refueling stations."
Mercedes-Benz is launching its first series-produced fuel cell car on the road: the new B‑Class F-CELL. The environmentally friendly electric car has better a performance similar to than a 2,0-litre petrol car and is fully suited for everyday driving. The zero-emission drive system consumes the equivalent of 3.3 litres of diesel per 100 kilometres in the NEDC (New European Driving Cycle). Production of the B‑Class F-CELL will commence in late 2009 with a small lot. The first of around 200 vehicles will be delivered to customers in Europe and the USA at the beginning of next year.
The new fuel cell vehicle offers everything that people expect from a Mercedes-Benz: High comfort and safety as well as no reduction in interior space and boot capacity. Customers will not have to sacrifice any driving pleasure either, because the electric motor has a peak performance of 100 kW/136 hp and a maximum torque of 290 Nm, which is available from the first rotation. It ensures that the B‑Class F-CELL, whose impressive dynamic handling properties are in some cases far better than those of a two-litre petrol car, gets off to an excellent start. Despite these qualities, the zero-emission fuel cell drive consumes the equivalent of only 3.3 litres of diesel fuel per 100 kilometres (NEDC). Thanks to its great range of about 400 kilometres and short refuelling times of around three minutes, the B‑Class F-CELL ensures local zero-emission mobility even for long stretches.
“2009 is the year in which we are establishing further milestones where sustainable mobility is concerned. The B-Class F-CELL is taking on a pioneering role as the world’s first fuel cell powered automobile to be produced under series production conditions”, says Dr. Thomas Weber, Member of the Board of Management of Daimler AG, responsible for Group Research and Development for Mercedes-Benz Cars.
The vehicle’s technological heart is the new generation of the compact, high-performance fuel cell system, in which gaseous hydrogen reacts with atmospheric oxygen at 700 bar to generate a current for the electric motor. The fuel cell system of the B‑Class F-CELL has a very good cold-start capability even at temperatures as low as minus 25 degrees Celsius. The drive system was completely newly developed versus the F-CELL A-Class presented in 2004, with Mercedes-Benz engineers achieving considerable improvements in output, torque, operating range, reliability, starting characteristics and comfort. The B-Class F-CELL now offers driving pleasure and day-to-day suitability at Mercedes level – without local emissions.
As in hybrids with combustion engines, the fuel-cell car uses a lithium-ion battery with an output of 35 kW and a capacity of 1.4 kWh to boost power and recover braking energy. Lithium-ion technology offers several advantages over conventional batteries, including compact dimensions, high performance, great recharge efficiency and a long service life.
The B‑Class F-CELL employs the unique sandwich floor architecture that is well-known from the A- and B-Class. The advantage of this design is that the drive components are located in the sandwich floor, where they are protected and don’t take up much space so that the vehicle’s interior remains fully usable and a boot capacity of 416 litres is available.
The B-Class F-CELL does not need to fear comparison where equipment is concerned either. Eye-catching features include a bonamite silver paint finish and exclusive light-alloy wheels in a 10-spoke design. In the interior, leather upholstery, seat heating, automatic climate control and the COMAND-system, as well as other features, continue to ensure a high level of comfort.
Same level of safety as in other Mercedes cars
No matter what the conditions, the operational reliability of the B‑Class F-CELL is of the same high level as in Mercedes vehicles with conventional combustion engines. The B‑Class F-CELL’s integrated safety concept takes the specific characteristics of the innovative drive system into account. The concept incorporates the expertise from the many years of experience Mercedes-Benz has had with fuel cell drives and high-voltage applications. Mercedes engineers have tested and optimised the drive-specific components’ safety in more than 30 additional crash tests.
Network of filling stations required for car’s widespread use
With more than 100 test vehicles and a combined total of over 4.5 million kilometres of trial testing, Daimler and Mercedes-Benz have the most extensive experience with fuel cell vehicles of any manufacturer worldwide. The B‑Class F-CELL is further testimony of this technology’s high level of development for automotive use. However, a comprehensive network of hydrogen filling stations still has to be set up before locally zero-emission driving can become a widespread reality. To make this possible, Daimler is cooperating with government authorities, energy utilities and oil companies in joint projects in places such as Hamburg, Stuttgart and California.
Mercedes-Benz views the development of electric cars with battery and fuel cell drives for local zero-emission driving as a means of supplementing vehicles with high-tech internal combustion engines. Advanced diesel and petrol engines will remain important for automotive applications for a long time to come – not only for individual mobility in passenger cars – especially over long distances – but, more importantly, for freight transport in trucks. Electric vehicles, on the other hand, will increasingly be used in urban transport.
A couple days ago we told you about Mercedes’ potential plans to bring an electric-drive variant of the forthcoming Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG, and today, the company has confirmed exactly that. According to Mercedes, they are “developing an exciting super sports car with zero-emission high-tech drive,” one that “sees Mercedes-Benz and AMG displaying their expertise in the development of alternative drive solutions for high-performance super sports cars.”
If you viewed our prior story on the SLS eDrive, you already know most of the details: four electric motors (one positioned near each wheel) provide a combined peak output of 392kW and a maximum torque of 880 Nm, with one transmission per axle transmitting power. According to Mercedes, “this intelligent all-wheel-drive system allows dynamically optimized power transmission without any losses by means of Torque Vectoring – in other words, the specifically targeted acceleration of individual wheels.”
Powering the Mercedes SLS electric drive at present is a liquid-cooled 400-volt lithium-ion battery of modular design with an energy content of 48 kWh and a capacity of 40 Ah – one that is charged by means of targeted recuperation during braking whilst the car is being driven.
All of this translates into an electric SLS capable of accelerating from 0-62mph in around 4 seconds.
According to Volker Mornhinweg, Chief Executive Officer of Mercedes-AMG GmbH: “With the SLS AMG with electric drive, we wanted to redefine the super sports car. For us, it is not just about responsibility. We attach just as much importance to excitement and classic AMG performance.”
Up until now, much of I’ve written about the smart fortwo has been relatively objective, due to the fact that I personally haven’t been in the market for one of the little models. Today that changes, however, as a family member is considering the purchase of a new fortwo, and it’s with rather mixed emotions that I write this article.
A few days ago at the start of the Detroit Auto Show, Daimler announced that at the end of 2009 the company will begin production of an electric smart fortwo, and they are “exploring” opportunities for the United States market. They then took the opportunity to detail at length the various projects currently underway in which electric fortwo models are in operation, such as the previously detailed “e-mobility Berlin.” But going back to what I said originally, with a family member considering a new fortwo, American consumers have to ask: what the hell is taking so long?
Daimler is “exploring opportunities for the United States market?” What specifically does that mean? Does that mean we’ll get an electric smart fortwo by 2010, or does it mean we’ll get some scaled back project where 100 or so fortwo ed’s will be tested on U.S. soil? To be honest, I don’t really care what it means. What I do care about is why the current U.S. smart fortwo lineup consists of one engine variant that averages 40 mpg. An electric smart fortwo? How about a diesel smart fortwo that averages 60-70 mpg. That’s what we really want. And yet, a single smart fortwo in the U.S. is what exists, while the Toyota Prius – a model that’s both larger and more practical – outperforms the smart by roughly 10 mpg.
Do I want an elecric fortwo in the United States? Absolutely. But Daimler, quit stringing us along offering us small glimpses of what the future may hold; bring a diesel smart to the U.S. in the interim; and please, give us some incentive not to buy a Prius, because right now, you’re not doing so great.
But enough of my views on the subject. To read more of Daimler’s plans for the electric smart fortwo, keep reading for the official press release.